Indian Epistemology in Indian Philosophy

Indian PHILOSOPHY:

Chapter: 13     INDIAN EPISTEMOLOGY:

The term Jnana has been originated from Jna Dhatu of Samskrit which means to know. The
knowledge may be true or false, in which the true knowledge is known as Prama while false
knowledge is known as Aprama such as knowledge of rope in the snake. In any knowledge the
knower is known as pramata, the knowing object is known as prameya while the means of
knowledge is known as pramana. In Indian Philosophy six pramanas have been accepted -
Pratyksha or Perception, Anumana or Inference, Sabda or word, Upamana or Comparison,
Arthapatti or Postulation and Anupalabdhi or non cognition. Different schools have accepted
the different number of Pramana.
As far as pratyaksha pramana is concerned, then this is known as prime pramana.
Sometimes in order to put it at the level of prama it has been said that there is no need of
proofs to perception. Etymologically the term Pratyaksha is made up of two words - prati +
aksha, which mean in front the eyes, in general the knowledge received by all sense organs, is
known as pratyaksha.

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